Overweight: how can we help you achieve sustainable weight loss?

What does it mean to be overweight?

Being overweight is rarely about a lack of willpower. It is often the result of genetics, environment, and the body’s own biological defense mechanisms that resist weight loss. Today, however, modern, scientifically proven treatments are available. By combining medical treatment (such as GLP-1 medications) with support from a dedicated healthcare team, you can get the help you need to reach and maintain a healthy weight.

In healthcare, BMI (Body Mass Index) is commonly used as a guideline to assess weight in relation to height.
Overweight is generally defined as a BMI between 25 and 29.9.
Obesity is diagnosed at a BMI of 30 or higher.

According to WHO, a BMI below 18.5 is classified as underweight, 18.5–24.9 as normal weight, 25–29.9 as overweight, 30.0–34.9 as class 1 obesity, and 35.0–39.9 as class 2 obesity. A BMI of 30 is an important threshold for medical treatment, and values above this level are often associated with an increased risk of related health conditions. Obesity is considered a chronic disease according to medical criteria.

In Sweden, overweight and obesity are common among adults and represent a significant public health concern with consequences for both individuals and society. Clinical evaluation includes calculating BMI, measuring waist circumference, and assessing disease risk. Visceral fat (abdominal fat) is more harmful than subcutaneous fat, making waist circumference an important health indicator. Overweight and obesity are primarily caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure.

It is also important to understand that the number on the scale does not tell the whole story. Being overweight is not a sign of laziness or poor character. Research clearly shows that overweight and obesity are complex, chronic conditions influenced by genetics, environment, and hormones. BMI also does not reflect body composition—such as the proportion of muscle versus fat—or where fat is distributed in the body.

Causes of overweight

Overweight and obesity usually develop as a result of multiple factors. A common cause is consuming more energy than the body uses over time, especially when the diet is high in calories and low in nutrients. Lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle also contribute to weight gain, but they are not the only factors.

Genetic predisposition can make some individuals more likely to store fat, while hormonal imbalances can affect the body’s ability to regulate weight. Certain medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, may also increase the risk. It is therefore important to consider both lifestyle and potential underlying causes when addressing weight loss, especially when medical treatment is involved.

What health risks are associated with overweight?

Excess body fat—particularly visceral fat that accumulates around internal organs—can negatively impact health and increase the risk of several conditions. Common risks include:

• Type 2 diabetes: Overweight is strongly linked to insulin resistance, making it harder for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
• High blood pressure: Increased weight often raises blood pressure, putting strain on the heart and blood vessels.
• Cardiovascular disease: Elevated blood lipids and chronic low-grade inflammation increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
• Sleep apnea: The risk of breathing interruptions during sleep increases with weight, contributing to fatigue and stress in the body.

Overweight also increases the risk of severe illness during infections and other complications. In addition, it is associated with a higher risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, including breast, prostate, esophageal, and liver cancer.

Why is it difficult to lose weight on your own?

Have you tried everything—diets, meal replacements, and exercise programs—only to see the weight return? This is largely due to the body’s physiology.

When you lose weight by restricting calories, the body interprets it as a state of starvation. It defends its weight (often referred to as its “set point”) through a range of metabolic adaptations.

• Hormones and hunger regulation: Satiety hormones such as GLP-1 and leptin decrease, while the hunger hormone ghrelin increases—making you feel significantly hungrier.
• Lower energy expenditure: The body shifts into an energy-conserving state and burns fewer calories, both at rest and during activity.
• Stress and sleep: Chronic stress raises cortisol levels, which promotes abdominal fat storage and increases cravings for refined carbohydrates. Sleep deprivation also disrupts appetite-regulating hormones. Stress, depression, and anxiety can further increase calorie intake, making emotional support an important part of weight loss.

For long-term results, sustainable changes in lifestyle and eating habits are essential. Regular meals can help prevent unplanned calorie intake, and maintaining consistent eating patterns is particularly important during medical weight loss.

This is why the advice to “just eat less and move more” rarely works in the long term—you are essentially working against your own biology.

Lifestyle changes

Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight often requires changes in daily habits. A balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean protein sources provides essential nutrients and supports energy balance. Reducing sugar, refined carbohydrates, and energy-dense foods can also be beneficial.

Physical activity plays a key role—aiming for at least 30 minutes of movement per day, such as walking, cycling, or exercise, can significantly improve both weight and overall health. Sleep and stress management are equally important. Getting enough rest and finding ways to manage stress can support sustainable weight loss and improve overall well-being.

Which treatment gives the best results for weight loss?

For optimal results, individuals with overweight or obesity are often recommended a combination of lifestyle interventions and medical treatment. Lifestyle interventions involve support in changing dietary habits and increasing physical activity. Physical activity on prescription (FaR) can also be part of treatment.

Psychological support is another key component, and some healthcare providers offer access to psychologists as part of weight management programs. Professional support may be especially important in cases of significant overweight or when additional risk factors, such as high blood pressure, are present.

Healthy weight loss should focus on sustainable lifestyle changes rather than rapid diets. General recommendations include at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio per week and a gradual weight loss of around 0.5–1 kg per week. Behavioral change focuses on increasing awareness of habits and enabling long-term improvements.

In recent years, modern obesity medications have been true game changers. Drugs based on GLP-1 and GIP analogues (such as semaglutide and tirzepatide) mimic the body’s natural satiety hormones.

GLP-1 medications help reduce appetite and increase feelings of fullness and are typically administered as weekly injections. Semaglutide has been shown to reduce overall mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with obesity. Tirzepatide, a combined GLP-1 and GIP agonist, has demonstrated significant weight loss effects.

Clinical studies show an average weight reduction of approximately 15–20% after 68–72 weeks of treatment, although results vary between individuals and dosages. Common side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and changes in bowel habits.

In Sweden, approved obesity medications include orlistat, which reduces fat absorption and may cause gastrointestinal side effects if fat intake is high. Bupropion/naltrexone (Mysimba) acts on the central nervous system to reduce appetite. Liraglutide (Saxenda) and semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) are GLP-1 analogues administered via injection. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is a combined GLP-1/GIP agonist given as a weekly injection.

Surgical treatment may be considered for individuals with a BMI ≥ 40–45 kg/m², or ≥ 35 kg/m² with increased cardiovascular risk. This is particularly relevant for patients who have not achieved sufficient weight loss with other methods. Treatment should always be individualized based on medical needs and conditions.

Clinical studies demonstrate strong results. Large trials (such as STEP for semaglutide and SURMOUNT for tirzepatide) show average weight loss of 15–20% over time. However, the best and most sustainable outcomes are achieved when medication is combined with lifestyle changes such as a protein-rich diet and strength training.

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Measuring success

Tracking progress is an important part of a successful weight loss journey. It is not only about the number on the scale, but also about setting realistic goals and monitoring other health markers.

Regular weighing and measuring waist circumference can provide insight into changes over time. Monitoring blood pressure and other health indicators is also important. Many people benefit from support from a doctor, dietitian, or other health professional who can help develop a personalized plan and provide ongoing motivation—for example through an app that tracks progress.

Having support significantly increases the likelihood of success and makes the journey toward better health both safer and more sustainable.

How can we at Yazen help?

Treating overweight requires a holistic approach. Yazen is Sweden’s largest digital clinic for obesity treatment, offering a scientifically grounded and personalized model.

• Medical assessment: We begin with a medical consultation and blood tests to understand your metabolic profile and rule out nutritional deficiencies.
• Individual treatment plan: Based on your results and needs, you may receive a tailored medical treatment prescribed by a doctor if you meet the criteria.
• Multidisciplinary support: You are not alone. Your doctor and personal YazenCoach support you throughout your journey—with medical oversight, individualized adjustments, and everyday guidance. Additional specialists such as dietitians, psychologists, and personal trainers are involved when needed. Everything is integrated into the app for a structured and secure start.
• Long-term follow-up: Using smart, connected scales, we monitor not only your weight but also your body composition—ensuring fat loss while preserving muscle mass. We work with you long-term to achieve lasting results.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can I get medical treatment even if I don’t have obesity? Yes, medical treatment may be considered for individuals with a BMI of 27 or higher if there are weight-related risk factors such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or abnormal blood lipid levels. However, this does not apply to pregnant or breastfeeding individuals or those with certain medical conditions. A doctor will always make an individual assessment.

Which treatment is right for me? There is no one-size-fits-all solution. The most suitable treatment depends on your medical history, body composition, risk factors, and response to medication. Your Yazen doctor will create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Is overweight always related to lifestyle? No. While diet and physical activity play a role, research shows that genetics account for 40–70% of the predisposition to overweight. Additionally, modern environments often promote overconsumption, which interacts with our biology.

How does medical weight loss work? These medications mimic natural satiety hormones. They signal fullness to the brain, slow gastric emptying, and reduce activity in reward centers—making it easier to eat smaller portions without extreme hunger or cravings.

What is a healthy weight loss goal? You do not need to reach a “perfect” BMI to improve your health. Even a 5–10% weight loss can significantly improve blood sugar, reduce blood pressure, and lower cardiovascular risk. Sustainable results come from combining medical treatment with lifestyle changes.

Summary

Achieving a healthy weight is a journey that requires knowledge, patience, and the right support. By understanding the causes of overweight, making sustainable lifestyle changes, and tracking progress, you can reduce your risk of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.

If you need support, there are several treatment options available, including medical treatment and professional guidance. Do not hesitate to seek advice from a healthcare professional to find the solution that works best for you. Your health is worth investing in—and you do not have to do it alone.

Sources

World Health Organization (WHO).
Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet. 2023.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

World Health Organization (WHO).
Body mass index - BMI classification.
https://www.who.int/tools/body-mass-index

European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).
Obesity as a chronic, relapsing disease.
https://easo.org

Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al.
Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.
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Hall KD, Kahan S.
Maintenance of lost weight and long-term management of obesity.
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Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.
Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1).
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Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al.
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Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al.
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT).
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Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al.
2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults.
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